Photo

rPcPnPLA pOLLErLLEcPEtPO

rPcPFnPLAkPPAlP:  aAESL÷PnPL 1325 (1918)
kPPEHPrP HPbPsLP: 57
çpPOLkPPASPF: çpPOLHPAEhPFNPQ 78 (çpPOLtPOzASPFA)
ãO÷PrPElPEpPOL: gPOQtPOpPOLÏPOAESPFkPPA
gPOQtPOE`HPtPOAnPL (pPOLyPYAbPL;#/FpOLÖ) uçpPOLmPF-uçpPOLmPFûiHPEcPFÀeOL`z;30/282
rPAgPO / tPOAlP: EpPOLlU / dPLAdPLrPA
ãO÷PrPE`HPtPOAnPL: 16 (gPOQtPOpPOLÏPOAESPFkPPA)
ãO÷PrPE`lPEpPOLkPPArP : EdPLinPLÓLçLdPLnPLATP VPFAkFUOrP
pPOLAdPLWvPFQkPPA:
pPOLAVPFAÙPOrP:
aicPFnPLA ePvhPF gPOhPFnPL HPinPLrP DPFAirP
    - gPOQtPOpPOLÏPOAESPFkPPA (1325)
jPLAEnPL aAEmPF EdPLinPLrP uSPFiXP
    - [gPOQEHP] (1338)

aAilPAcPFnPLA

gPOQtPOEHPtPOAinPLrP EªPtPOQbPL sPFMãFFkPPrPiNP nPLtUOnPL EHPXPbPLEHPnPLzAisPFrP kPPTPA jPLAnPLAHPArP jPLnPLz çpPOLkPPASPFikPPrP EHP¸PPEâPL CPFAwxPFAoPF rPHPQÓLçLdPLnPLATP ãO÷PbPLM ePkPPEWvPF 'EHP¸PPApPOLnPL' ElPKPilPnPL:
"gPOQtPOEHPtPOAnPL yPKPnPL çpPOLTPmPF çpPOLkPPAESPFtPO hPFibPLECPFlP tPOKPnPL sPFMkPPlPnPL-kPPtPOYArPA sPFñPLrPtPOArP tPOAwxPFnPLAbPL gPOAnPLgOUElPrP mPFiDPFz EHPXPbPLAnFUÀePÝEmPFkPP SFÖÍPlPA EHPDPFAnPL kPPrPitPO pPOLAirPnPL EnPLF| tPOAitPO ukPPHPlP uyP HPzHPhPFAirPrP pPOLi¾PP EHPGÔP hPFibPLECPFlP tPOA nPLbPL, sPFAEhPFitPOzrP EdPLkPP uTPikPP rPsPFiHPAiDPFrPoPF ¾PPEtPO kPPirPECPFlPF| usPFvhPFjPLinPLz ePvhPF sPFMãFFkPPrPiNP BPOAiHPrP anFUXPËP rP¾PPA kPPirP gPOAnPLgOUElP sPFAjPLAinPLA hPFibPLiCPFF| ePvhPF wvPOpPOLAibPL, sFUirPrP sPFhPFiyPAEgPOtPOA nPLA upPOLilPoPF, pPOLAVPFikPPrPA gPOQEtPOkPPAiHPzrP ePvhPF gPOAnPLgOUElPrP anFUsPFrPNP kPPrPitPO pPOLArPiHPnPLF|"
kPPEHPkFÖOtPO (1mPF oPF 2bPL KPiLÕPLrP) pPOLyPYAbPL oPF tPOdPLÙPOBUOYÀoPLÝ EHPXPbPLsFZcPFQ:
FpOLZjPLA [gPOAnPL, HPÓ÷Uì, çpPOLATPYnPLA, EHPrPhPF, sPFADPFnPLA oPF sPFMkPPÜP, dLUßKP, aASL÷PAsPF, aÙPOmFUYiKP, aAòPEHPDPFAnPL, jPLAgPOrPNP, EnPLßsPFMSPFbPL, sPFADPFkPP, wvPOðsPFHP, aAnPLÓOdP, EHPSL÷P, EHPEHPDPF, sFUÓOdPrP, HPAwvPOlP, pPOLTP, uSPFXP, pPOLErPNPbPL (gPOQtPOEHPtPOAinPL aAnFUîPOAEnPLkPP pPOLyPYAibPL çLgPFETPtPO)], uçpPOLmPF [gPOAnPL, uçpPOLmPFûiHPEcPFÀeOL`z], ãO÷PidPLSPF, EHPEcPFÀeOL`, çpPOLkFÖOEtPO [sPFADPFArPNP, çLgPFQäFÉP, HPXPYA, SPFrPð, uhPFmPFÙPO, SPFQtPO, HPsPFÙPO], aAnFUîPOAEnPLkPP, pPOLErPESPFêPLF|
HPtPOYmPFAnPL gPOQtPOEHPtPOAinPLrP pPOLyPYAbPLsFZcPFQ: (kPPEHPkFÖOtPO pPOLyPYAbPLgOUElP EnPLmÔ`OLirPKPF| uHPSPFQrP BPOAgPOvhPF tÖOtPOQbPL KPiLÕPL DFÖtPOF| aAmPFAidPLrP 'sPFÓ÷PìAnPL' FpOLÖîPOAbPL sPFHP pPOLyPYAbPLgOUElPrP aÙPOgPOYtPO EHPXPbPLsFZcPFQ udPLKPitPO pPOLAiHPnPLF|)
BZOEmPFkPPA, FpOLZjPLA, uçpPOLmPF, ãO÷PidPLSPF, EHPEcPFÀeOL`, çpPOLkFÖOEtPO, aAnFUîPOAEnPLkPP, gPOQEtPOnPLAWvPFz oPF nFÖtPOznPLAWvPFz, BPOAnFUEsPFMhPF VPFAkFUOirPrP pPOLdPLAHPlPQ, nPLAWvPFzgPOQEtPO, jPLAtPOQbPL sPFËPQtPO, FpOLZjPLA oPF çpPOLATPYnPLA, aAnFUîPOAEnPLkPP sPFËPQtPO, uçpPOLmPF oPF çpPOLkFÖOEtPO, pPOLErPESPFêPL


 

 

gPOQtPOEHPtPOAnPL

30

      sPFHPArP sPFAiTP cPFlPitPOECPFlP ajPLAnPLA ePvhPF pPOLiTPrP aÓ÷PìkPPAirP,
ukPPAnPL² sPFkPPAilPrP hPFVPFAð aAilPAbPL pPOLAiSPF aAmPFArP udPLKPitPO upPOLilPmPF tPOAirPF|F|
  ePkPP EnPLimPFiXPvhPF rPAEÀeOL` hPFlP uBPOArP,   EcPFrPEdPLinPLrP DPFnPL uyPnPL usPF umPFArP,
    pPOLErPcPFibPLrP aÙPO uyPnPL ukPPAinPLAKPAinPL nPLAvhPFikPPA ePikPPHPAirP--
       ucPFnPLA kFUOsFUmPF fUOLiWvPF aAiCPF nPLA-ucPFnPLA ePvhPF gPOhPFnPL HPinPLrP DPFAirP
                  ajPLAnPLA ePvhPF pPOLiTPrP aÓ÷PìkPPAirPF|F|
    jPLAEnPL jPLAEnPL EdPLinPLrP uSPFiXP sPFÓ÷PìzAEtPOEmPFrP nPLAmPFiHP pPOLiTPrP mPFAiJPF--
aAHPArP kPPKPnPL pPOLwxPFiHP aAwxPFAlP, udPLKPAiSPFAnPLArP HPÿADPFnPL rPiHP nPLA uyPF|
           tPOKPnPL aAEmPF pPOLAHP   mPFinPL mPFinPL   pPOLErPcPFibPLrP pPOLrPSPF ¾PPiNP ¾PPiNP
    jPLAnPLHP EcPFrPEdPLinPLrP pPOLiTP aAÿDPFArP aAilPAbPL cPFlPECPF sPFAirP sPFAirP--
  hÖFdPLbPL-mPFAiJPF udPLKPHP KLUÿijPL ePkPPEWvPF EmPFlPnPL sPFHP-hPFArPAinPLArP pPOLAirP
                  ajPLAnPLA ePvhPF pPOLiTPrP aÓ÷PìkPPAirPF|F|

Portrait

EHPEHPDPF tPOTPz oP aAilPAcPFnPLA:

rPHPQÓLçLdPLsPFËPQitPOrP yPA u`çLSPFîPO EnPLdPLSPFYnPL, usPFKPAinPL rPHPQÓLçLdPLnPLAiTPrP rPcPFnPLA tPOÿArP usPFrPA CPFEHPrP mPFitPOAvhPF sPFitPOjPL, sPFAHPlPQlP oPF anPLnFUkPPrPNPQbPLF| ePKPAinPL rPAgPOrPAEgPONPQrP çpPOLSLÔP aAisPF nPLA, HPAwvPOlP-kPPQtPOYinPLrP çpPOLSLÔP aAisPF nPLA, HPAdPLQ-sPFÈ÷PAdPLQrP çpPOLSLÔP aAisPF nPLAF| ePKPAinPL sPFHPWvPFAvhPF aAiCPF, aAHPArP sPFHPvhPF uyPnPL nPLtUOnPLF| ePmPFnPLEkPP ePKPAinPL kPPTPA oPF sFUirPrP sPFAmPFÑPisPFzrP EHPcPFArPWvPFAoPF aHPAÙPOrP HPilP mPFinPL hPFbPL, kPPArPNP sPFHP u`çLSPFîPO ESPFÜPrPcPFnPLArP mPFitPOAvhPF eP gPOAnPLoPF EHPi`ÂLSPFXPiNPrP ÞiDOHPYF| ePsPFHP gPOAinPLrP aAdPLSPFYgPOQtPOrPìpPOL aAjPL ãO÷PipFÔPrP HPéUF hPFibPL dPLÿAEwxPFibPLiCPFF|

sPFtPOzEjPLð rPAbPL "rPHPQÓLçLdPLsPFËPQitPO BPOAHPHPArP kPPTPA", eP¾PPNP, pPOLÏPOmPF HPXPY, XPîPO sPFMKPzA, 1374F|